The meaning of inferring

for quite a while our class was focusing on inferring and literal stuff, I will be talking about these in this blogpost first of all literal stuff, this word means stuff that its told to you directly or its shown to you directly. inferring is the same thing but it also is half opposite if you don't understand it's like the author of the book might give you some info then you have to give your opinion, here is an example 
"The lion is a vicious predator" then you may be thinking that the lion is on top of the food chain,
if you still don't understand here is a better example

If you learned something new, please leave a comment.